Everything would be so easy if this myth were true... Unfortunately, the learning content is not transferred to our brain through the pillow. However, the link between sleep and memory is not that wrong. Restful sleep is essential for successful learning processes. During sleep, the brain can replay, process and save what it has recorded. In the deep sleep phase, the brain downloads what it has learned and processes this information further in the REM phase, whereby it is stored. It is mainly the information associated with stronger emotions that ends up in our memory. Going to sleep right after the learning phase can have a positive effect on retaining this information, since nothing happens in between that the brain classifies as "more important". Positive side effects of sleep and rest, such as increased concentration and improved attention, also contribute to good performance. Thus, the connection between learning ability and sleep is definitely given.
Source:
Göder, R., Nissen, C. & Rasch, B. (2014).
Sleep, learning and memory: relevance to psychiatry and psychotherapy.
Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Arzi, A., Shedlesky, L., Ben-Shaul, M. et al. Humans can learn new information during sleep . Nat Neurosci 15, 1460-1465 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3193
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